Silence, often more powerful than words, is a concept deeply embedded in human communication and culture. Mastering the art of expressing silence through idioms adds nuance and color to your English.
This article delves into a rich collection of idioms related to silence, exploring their meanings, origins, and usage. Whether you’re an ESL learner aiming to enhance your vocabulary or a native speaker seeking to refine your expressive abilities, understanding these idioms will significantly improve your comprehension and communication skills.
This guide provides detailed explanations, examples, and practice exercises to help you confidently incorporate these idioms into your everyday language.
Contents
ToggleTable of Contents
- Introduction
- Definition of Idioms for Silence
- Structural Breakdown
- Types and Categories of Idioms for Silence
- Examples of Idioms for Silence
- Usage Rules for Idioms of Silence
- Common Mistakes with Idioms for Silence
- Practice Exercises
- Advanced Topics: Nuances and Connotations
- Frequently Asked Questions
- Conclusion
Introduction
The concept of silence transcends mere absence of sound. It can represent agreement, disagreement, contemplation, or even a deliberate act of withholding information.
English, with its rich tapestry of expressions, offers a multitude of idioms to capture these varied nuances of silence. Understanding and using these idioms effectively allows for more precise and evocative communication.
This article aims to be your comprehensive guide, providing in-depth explanations, practical examples, and helpful exercises to master the art of using idioms for silence.
Definition of Idioms for Silence
Idioms for silence are phrases or expressions whose overall meaning cannot be derived from the literal definitions of the individual words. They are figurative expressions used to describe different aspects, situations, and motivations related to silence, whether it’s imposed, voluntary, suggestive, or concealing. These idioms often rely on metaphorical language and cultural understanding to convey their intended meaning.
They can be classified based on the type of silence they describe: those indicating forced silence, voluntary silence, the keeping of secrets, or even the unspoken. The function of these idioms is to add color and depth to communication, allowing speakers to convey complex ideas and emotions more effectively than literal language alone.
The context in which these idioms are used is crucial. Some idioms are suitable for formal settings, while others are more appropriate for casual conversations.
Understanding the context helps ensure that the idiom is used correctly and effectively, enhancing the overall impact of the message.
Structural Breakdown
Idioms, by their very nature, defy straightforward structural analysis. Their meaning is not a sum of their parts.
However, recognizing common patterns can aid in comprehension.
Many idioms for silence involve verbs related to speaking or sound, often in a negated or modified form. For example, “hold one’s tongue” uses the verb “hold” to suggest restraint from speaking.
Other idioms use metaphorical language, such as “mum’s the word,” which employs a personified noun to represent secrecy.
The grammatical structure of idioms can vary. Some are phrases, while others are complete sentences.
The key is to understand the idiom as a single unit of meaning, rather than dissecting it grammatically. Trying to analyze the individual words can often lead to misinterpretation.
The origin of idioms is often rooted in historical or cultural contexts. Understanding the etymology of an idiom can provide valuable insights into its meaning and usage.
For example, the idiom “bury the hatchet” comes from a Native American tradition of burying weapons to signify peace, which relates to silencing conflict.
Types and Categories of Idioms for Silence
Idioms for silence can be categorized based on the specific type of silence they represent:
- General Silence: These idioms describe a state of being quiet or not speaking.
- Forced Silence: These idioms refer to situations where someone is compelled to remain silent, often against their will.
- Voluntary Silence: These idioms describe situations where someone chooses to remain silent.
- Silence to Keep Secrets: These idioms are used when silence is maintained to protect a secret.
- Implied Silence: These idioms suggest that silence itself conveys a message.
- Unspoken Feelings: These idioms refer to feelings or thoughts that are not expressed verbally.
General Idioms for Silence
Refer to idioms that simply describe a state of quiet or lack of speech without necessarily implying a specific reason or cause.
Idioms for Forced Silence
Cover situations where an individual is compelled to remain quiet, either by external forces or internal constraints.
Idioms for Voluntary Silence
Describe instances where a person chooses to be silent, often for strategic or personal reasons.
Idioms for Silence to Keep Secrets
Focus on the act of remaining silent to protect sensitive information or maintain confidentiality.
Idioms for Implied Silence
Highlight situations where silence itself conveys a message or meaning, suggesting more than what is overtly stated.
Idioms for Unspoken Feelings
Address emotions, thoughts, or sentiments that are not verbally expressed but are nonetheless understood or felt.
Examples of Idioms for Silence
The following sections provide extensive examples of idioms related to silence, categorized by their specific meaning. Each example is accompanied by a definition and a sample sentence to illustrate its usage.
General Idioms for Silence
These idioms generally describe being quiet or not speaking. Here is a table with several examples:
Idiom | Definition | Example Sentence |
---|---|---|
Quiet as a mouse | Very quiet; making almost no noise. | The children were as quiet as mice while their mother was on the phone. |
Silent as the grave | Completely silent. | The room was as silent as the grave after the announcement. |
Not a peep | Not a single sound. | We didn’t hear a peep from him all night. |
Still waters run deep | A quiet person may have great depths of character or knowledge. | He doesn’t say much, but still waters run deep. |
Cat got your tongue? | Why aren’t you speaking? | You’ve been quiet all night. Cat got your tongue? |
Button your lip | Be quiet; stop talking. | I wish he would just button his lip for once. |
Hold your peace | Remain silent. | If you have any objections, speak now or forever hold your peace. |
Mum’s the word | Keep it a secret. | Mum’s the word about the surprise party. |
Zip your lip | Be quiet; stop talking (often said in a rude way). | Just zip your lip and listen for a change. |
Hold your horses | Wait a moment; be patient (often implies being quiet while waiting). | Hold your horses! I’m not finished yet. |
Not breathe a word | Not say anything about something. | I promised I wouldn’t breathe a word about their plans. |
Keep schtum | To keep silent about something. (British slang) | He told me to keep schtum about the whole affair. |
Shut your trap | Be quiet (very impolite). | Just shut your trap, I’m trying to concentrate. |
Pipe down | Be quiet (informal). | Could you please pipe down? I’m trying to work. |
Give it a rest | Stop talking about something. | Just give it a rest, will you? I’m tired of hearing about it. |
Hush up | Become quiet. | The children hushed up when their father entered the room. |
Clam up | Become silent suddenly, usually because of shyness or fear. | He usually talks a lot, but he clammed up when the teacher asked him a question. |
Shut up | Stop talking (very rude). | “Shut up!” she yelled, exasperated by his constant complaining. |
Hold back | Restrain oneself from saying something. | I wanted to argue, but I held back because I knew it would make things worse. |
Keep mum | Remain silent or say nothing about something. | We need to keep mum about the project until it’s officially announced. |
Stony silence | A silence that is cold and unfriendly. | Her question was met with a stony silence from the committee. |
A pregnant pause | A long silence that is full of meaning or anticipation. | There was a pregnant pause before he announced the winner. |
Drop a veil | The state of keeping something secret | He dropped a veil over his past. |
To be seen and not heard | A saying that children should be quiet in the presence of adults. | In those days, children were expected to be seen and not heard. |
Lock away | To keep something secret or hidden. | She locked away her feelings to protect herself. |
Idioms for Forced Silence
These idioms describe situations where someone is compelled to remain silent, often against their will. Here’s a table with examples:
Idiom | Definition | Example Sentence |
---|---|---|
Muzzle someone | To prevent someone from expressing their opinions. | The new regulations effectively muzzled the journalists. |
Gag someone | To silence someone, often by force. | The dictator tried to gag all opposition. |
Put a sock in it | Be quiet; stop talking (rude). | “Put a sock in it!” she shouted, tired of his complaining. |
Shut someone up | To make someone be quiet, often abruptly. | He tried to shut her up, but she continued to speak. |
Keep someone quiet | To prevent someone from making noise or speaking. | The candy kept the baby quiet during the movie. |
Stifle dissent | To suppress opposition or disagreement. | The government used various methods to stifle dissent. |
Clamp down on | To take strict measures to suppress something. | The police clamped down on the protests. |
Silence opposition | To suppress or eliminate opposing viewpoints. | The regime used propaganda to silence opposition. |
Keep under wraps | To keep something secret or hidden. | The project was kept under wraps until the official announcement. |
Keep a lid on | To control or suppress something. | We need to keep a lid on the rumors. |
Swallow your tongue | To suddenly become silent, usually because of surprise or embarrassment. | She seemed to swallow her tongue when she realized her mistake. |
Have your say | Be allowed to express your opinion (often implies being quiet until then). | Everyone will have their say before we make a decision. |
Not get a word in edgewise | To not be able to speak because someone else is talking too much. | He talked so much that I couldn’t get a word in edgewise. |
Be rendered speechless | To be unable to speak because of surprise, shock, or strong emotion. | She was rendered speechless by the news. |
Lost for words | Unable to think of anything to say. | I was lost for words when I heard what happened. |
Bite your tongue | To stop yourself from saying something that you really want to say, but shouldn’t. | I wanted to tell him what I thought, but I had to bite my tongue. |
Shut down | To stop someone from speaking or expressing themselves. | The moderator shut down the debate when it became too heated. |
Muffle | To reduce the sound of something. | The thick curtains muffled the noise from the street. |
Hold someone hostage | To keep someone silent by threatening them. | They held their children hostage by threatening to cut off their allowance. |
Smother | To suppress or conceal. | She tried to smother her anger, but it was clear she was upset. |
Smother a yawn | To cover your mouth so no one sees you yawn. | He smothered a yawn as the speaker droned on. |
Straitjacket | To restrict or restrain someone from acting freely. | The new regulations put a straitjacket on creativity. |
Draw a veil over | To avoid talking about something unpleasant or embarrassing. | Let’s draw a veil over that part of the evening. |
Quash | To suppress or put down forcibly. | The rebellion was quickly quashed by the authorities. |
Mute | To silence or make quiet. | The TV remote allows you to mute the sound. |
Idioms for Voluntary Silence
These idioms describe situations where someone chooses to remain silent. Here is a table with examples:
Idiom | Definition | Example Sentence |
---|---|---|
Hold one’s tongue | To refrain from speaking, even if one wants to. | I wanted to argue, but I held my tongue. |
Bite one’s lip | To refrain from speaking, often to avoid saying something inappropriate. | She bit her lip to keep from laughing. |
Keep mum | To remain silent; not to reveal a secret. | I promised to keep mum about their plans. |
Say nothing | To remain silent; to not express an opinion. | He chose to say nothing rather than cause an argument. |
Let it go | To choose not to mention something. | I decided to let it go rather than make a fuss. |
Turn a blind eye | To ignore something that one knows is wrong. | The manager turned a blind eye to the employee’s misconduct. |
Look the other way | To ignore something that one knows is wrong. | The police looked the other way while the crime was committed. |
Keep something to yourself | To not share information with others. | I decided to keep the news to myself for a while. |
Suffer in silence | To endure pain or hardship without complaining. | She suffered in silence rather than burden her family. |
Take a vow of silence | To promise to remain silent for a period of time. | He took a vow of silence for spiritual reasons. |
Stay mute | To remain silent. | The defendant chose to stay mute during the trial. |
Observe silence | To remain quiet, often as a sign of respect or mourning. | We observed a minute of silence for the victims. |
Hold back | To restrain oneself from saying something. | I wanted to criticize him, but I held back. |
Keep quiet | To avoid making noise or speaking. | Please keep quiet in the library. |
Not utter a word | To not say anything at all. | He didn’t utter a word during the entire meeting. |
Think twice | To consider carefully before speaking. | He should have thought twice before making that comment. |
Keep it under your hat | To keep something a secret. | Keep it under your hat, but I’m getting married! |
Let sleeping dogs lie | To avoid stirring up trouble by staying silent. | I decided to let sleeping dogs lie and not mention the issue again. |
Not say boo to a goose | To be very shy or timid. | He wouldn’t say boo to a goose. |
Turn a deaf ear | To ignore someone’s requests or complaints. | The government turned a deaf ear to the protesters’ demands. |
Refrain from comment | To choose not to express an opinion. | The spokesperson refrained from comment on the allegations. |
Sit on the fence | To remain neutral and not take a side in an argument. | He sat on the fence, unwilling to commit to either side. |
Bury your head in the sand | To ignore a problem or unpleasant situation. | You can’t just bury your head in the sand and hope the problem goes away. |
Play it cool | To remain calm and not show your emotions. | He tried to play it cool, but I could tell he was nervous. |
Sit tight | To wait patiently and not take any action. | Just sit tight and wait for further instructions. |
Idioms for Keeping Secrets
These idioms are used when silence is maintained to protect a secret. Here is a table with examples:
Idiom | Definition | Example Sentence |
---|---|---|
Keep a secret | To not reveal something that is meant to be private. | Can you keep a secret? |
Under wraps | Kept secret. | The project is still under wraps. |
Close-mouthed | Reluctant to speak; secretive. | He’s very close-mouthed about his personal life. |
Tight-lipped | Unwilling to speak about something. | She was tight-lipped about the details of the investigation. |
Seal your lips | To promise to keep a secret. | I’ll tell you, but you have to seal your lips. |
Take it to the grave | To keep a secret for life. | I’ll take this secret to the grave. |
Keep under one’s hat | To keep something secret. | Keep this under your hat, but I’m getting a promotion. |
Lock it away | To keep something secret | She locked it away in her heart. |
Bury the hatchet | To make peace after an argument. | After years of feuding, they decided to bury the hatchet. |
Keep dark | Keep something secret or hidden. | They kept dark the details of the negotiation. |
Clutch close | Keep something secret or hidden. | She clutched close her hope. |
Cover-up | An action taken to conceal a mistake or wrongdoing. | The scandal involved a major cover-up. |
Under the rose | Done secretly or confidentially. | The deal was negotiated under the rose. |
In camera | In private; not in public. | The judge decided to hear the case in camera. |
Behind closed doors | In private; not in public. | The negotiations took place behind closed doors. |
Leave well enough alone | To avoid interfering in a situation that is already satisfactory. | I decided to leave well enough alone and not ask any further questions. |
Sweep under the rug | To hide a problem or mistake in an attempt to keep it secret. | They tried to sweep the scandal under the rug, but it was eventually exposed. |
Hold back | To restrain oneself from divulging information. | She had to hold back information to protect others. |
Keep to oneself | To avoid sharing personal information or feelings with others. | He tends to keep to himself and doesn’t talk much about his problems. |
Paper over the cracks | To hide problems in order to give the impression that everything is fine. | They tried to paper over the cracks in their relationship, but it didn’t work. |
Keep in the dark | To keep someone uninformed about something. | They kept me in the dark about their plans. |
Not let on | To not reveal a secret or one’s true feelings. | She knew the surprise, but she didn’t let on. |
Low profile | Avoiding attention or publicity. | He tried to keep a low profile after the scandal. |
Mouth shut | To remain silent about something. | He was told to keep his mouth shut about the investigation. |
Play your cards close to your chest | To be secretive about your plans or intentions. | He plays his cards close to his chest, so it’s hard to know what he’s thinking. |
Idioms for Implied Silence
These idioms suggest that silence itself conveys a message. Here is a table with examples:
Idiom | Definition | Example Sentence |
---|---|---|
Silence speaks volumes | Silence can be more meaningful than words. | Her silence spoke volumes about her disappointment. |
Deafening silence | A significant or noticeable silence. | There was a deafening silence after I asked the question. |
The silence was palpable | The silence was intense and noticeable. | The silence in the room was palpable as everyone waited for the verdict. |
A meaningful silence | A silence that carries a specific message or emotion. | There was a meaningful silence between them as they looked at each other. |
An awkward silence | A silence that is uncomfortable or embarrassing. | An awkward silence fell over the group after his inappropriate joke. |
Actions speak louder than words | What someone does is more important than what they say. | He promised to help, but actions speak louder than words. |
Read between the lines | To understand the hidden meaning behind what someone says or writes. | You have to read between the lines to understand what he really meant. |
A knowing look | A look that shows that someone understands something without being told. | They exchanged a knowing look, understanding the unspoken agreement. |
A thousand words | A visual message can convey as much as, or more than, words. | A picture is worth a thousand words. |
A look says it all | The expression on someone’s face communicates everything. | Her look said it all; she was clearly not happy. |
Unspoken message | A message that is conveyed without being explicitly stated. | There was an unspoken message in their eyes. |
Unsaid | Not spoken or expressed. | Much was left unsaid between them. |
Take as read | To assume that something is understood without being explicitly stated. | We can take it as read that everyone agrees with the proposal. |
Left hanging | To be left in a state of uncertainty or suspense. | He left me hanging, not knowing what to expect. |
Hangs in the air | A feeling or atmosphere that is strongly present but not expressed. | The tension hung in the air after the argument. |
Unvoiced | Not expressed or spoken. | His concerns remained unvoiced. |
Understood | Implied but not directly expressed. | It was understood that they would keep the secret. |
Subtext | The underlying meaning or message in a conversation or text. | The subtext of his remarks was that he disagreed with the plan. |
Implicit | Implied though not plainly expressed. | There was an implicit agreement between them. |
Unspoken rule | A rule that is not formally stated but is generally understood and followed. | There’s an unspoken rule that you don’t talk about salaries. |
Unconfessed | Not admitted or acknowledged. | Her love for him remained unconfessed. |
Sub rosa | Secretly or confidentially. | The information was shared sub rosa. |
By implication | By suggesting something without saying it directly. | He accused her by implication. |
On the QT | Secretly or confidentially. | We’re doing this on the QT. |
Tip of the iceberg | A small part of a much larger problem. | This is just the tip of the iceberg; there’s much more to uncover. |
Idioms for the Unspoken
These idioms refer to feelings or thoughts that are not expressed verbally. Here is a table with examples:
Idiom | Definition | Example Sentence |
---|---|---|
Unspoken feelings | Emotions that are felt but not expressed verbally. | There were unspoken feelings between them. |
Unexpressed thoughts | Thoughts that are not communicated verbally. | He had many unexpressed thoughts. |
Bottled up emotions | Emotions that are suppressed or not expressed. | She had bottled up her emotions for too long. |
Hidden agenda | A secret plan or motive. | He had a hidden agenda that he wasn’t revealing. |
Underlying tension | A tension that is not openly expressed but is present. | There was an underlying tension in the room. |
Deep-seated | Firmly established and difficult to change. | They had deep-seated resentment towards each other. |
Hush-hush | Secret and confidential. | The project was very hush-hush. |
Unacknowledged | Not admitted or recognized. | His efforts went unacknowledged. |
Underlying | Existing beneath the surface. | There was an underlying problem that needed to be addressed. |
Subconscious | Existing in the mind below the level of awareness. | His actions were driven by subconscious desires. |
Unarticulated | Not expressed clearly or distinctly. | Her feelings were unarticulated. |
Unproclaimed | Not formally declared or announced. | His love for her was unproclaimed. |
Unavowed | Not openly acknowledged or admitted. | His motives were unavowed. |
Silent treatment | Refusing to speak to someone as a form of punishment or disapproval. | She gave him the silent treatment after the argument. |
Unspoken resentment | A feeling of anger or bitterness that is not expressed verbally. | There was unspoken resentment between them. |
The elephant in the room | An obvious problem or issue that no one wants to discuss. | The elephant in the room was their financial difficulties. |
A closed book | Someone or something that is difficult to understand. | He’s a closed book; I never know what he’s thinking. |
A guarded secret | A secret that is carefully protected. | Her past was a guarded secret. |
Left unsaid | Not expressed or spoken. | Much was left unsaid between them. |
Under lock and key | Kept very securely. | The documents were kept under lock and key. |
Unrevealed | Not made known or visible. | The truth remained unrevealed for years. |
Unspoken understanding | An agreement or understanding that is not explicitly stated. | There was an unspoken understanding between them that they would always support each other. |
Unuttered | Not spoken. | Her complaints remained unuttered. |
Unvocalized | Not expressed in words. | His fears were unvocalized. |
Pass unmentioned | To not be spoken about or referred to. | His mistake passed unmentioned during the meeting. |
Lie dormant | To remain inactive or hidden. | Her feelings for him lay dormant for many years. |
Simmering beneath the surface | To exist in a state of suppressed emotion or activity. | Resentment was simmering beneath the surface. |
Usage Rules for Idioms of Silence
Using idioms correctly requires understanding their specific contexts and nuances. Here are some guidelines to help you use idioms of silence effectively:
- Know the Meaning: Always ensure you fully understand the meaning of the idiom before using it. Misunderstanding can lead to miscommunication.
- Consider the Context: Some idioms are formal, while others are informal. Choose idioms that are appropriate for the setting and audience.
- Pay Attention to Tone: Idioms can convey different tones, such as humor, sarcasm, or seriousness. Be mindful of the tone you wish to convey.
- Avoid Overuse: Using too many idioms in a short space can make your language sound unnatural or forced. Use them sparingly for maximum impact.
- Practice: The best way to master idioms is to practice using them in various contexts. Try incorporating them into your writing and conversations.
- Listen to Native Speakers: Pay attention to how native English speakers use idioms in their speech and writing. This will help you develop a better sense of their natural usage.
- Read Widely: Reading books, articles, and other materials can expose you to a wide range of idioms and their contexts.
Common Mistakes with Idioms for Silence
Even advanced learners of English can make mistakes when using idioms. Here are some common errors to avoid:
- Literal Interpretation: Avoid interpreting idioms literally. Remember that their meaning is figurative, not literal.
- Incorrect Word Order: Idioms often have a fixed word order. Changing the order can alter the meaning or make the idiom nonsensical.
- Misunderstanding the Nuance: Some idioms have subtle nuances that can be easily missed. Always double-check the precise meaning and usage.
- Using the Wrong Idiom: Choosing an idiom that is similar in meaning but not quite right can confuse your audience.
- Overusing Idioms: Using too many idioms can make your language sound unnatural. Use them sparingly and purposefully.
- Ignoring the Audience: Using idioms that your audience may not understand can lead to miscommunication. Consider your audience’s level of English proficiency and familiarity with idioms.
Practice Exercises
Test your understanding of idioms for silence with these exercises:
Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks
Complete the following sentences with the appropriate idiom for silence:
- I wanted to argue, but I had to _________.
- The project is still _________ until the official announcement.
- Her _________ about her disappointment was clear.
- We need to _________ on the rumors before they spread.
- He told me to _________ about the whole affair.
Answers:
- bite my tongue
- under wraps
- silence spoke volumes
- keep a lid
- keep schtum
Exercise 2: Matching
Match the idiom with its correct definition:
- Mum’s the word
- Put a sock in it
- Hold your horses
- Keep mum
- Silence is golden
Definitions:
- Be quiet; stop talking (rude).
- Be patient; wait a moment.
- Remain silent; don’t reveal a secret.
- Keep it a secret.
- Silence is more valuable than speech.
Answers:
- Mum’s the word – Keep it a secret.
- Put a sock in it – Be quiet; stop talking (rude).
- Hold your horses – Be patient; wait a moment.
- Keep mum – Remain silent; don’t reveal a secret.
- Silence is golden – Silence is more valuable than speech.
Advanced Topics: Nuances and Connotations
Idioms often carry subtle nuances and connotations that go beyond their literal definitions. Understanding these nuances is key to using idioms effectively and appropriately.
For example, the idiom “silence speaks volumes” suggests that silence can be more meaningful than words, implying that the person is deliberately choosing not to speak in order to convey a particular message. The connotation is often one of disapproval, disappointment, or disagreement.
Similarly, the idiom “deafening silence” implies that the silence is so significant that it is almost overwhelming. The connotation is often one of shock, surprise, or discomfort.
Exploring the historical and cultural contexts of idioms can also provide valuable insights into their nuances. For example, the idiom “bury the hatchet” comes from a Native American tradition of burying weapons to signify peace, which relates to silencing conflict and animosity.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the difference between an idiom and a proverb?
An idiom is a phrase whose meaning is not predictable from the usual meanings of its constituent elements, while a proverb is a short, well-known pithy saying, stating a general truth or piece of advice.
How can I improve my understanding of idioms?
Read widely, listen to native speakers, and practice using idioms in your own writing and conversations. Also, use a good dictionary or idiom dictionary to look up unfamiliar idioms.
Are idioms the same in all English-speaking countries?
No, idioms can vary between different English-speaking countries. Some idioms are specific to certain regions or cultures.
Is it okay to use idioms in formal writing?
It depends on the idiom and the context. Some idioms are appropriate for formal writing, while others are too informal.
Use your judgment and consider your audience.
How can I avoid misusing idioms?
Always double-check the meaning and usage of an idiom before using it. Pay attention to the context and tone, and consider your audience.
Conclusion
Mastering idioms for silence is a valuable skill that can enhance your communication abilities and add depth to your understanding of the English language. By learning the meanings, origins, and usage rules of these idioms, you can express yourself more effectively and confidently in a variety of contexts.
Remember to practice using idioms regularly and to pay attention to the nuances and connotations they convey. With dedication and practice, you can master the art of using idioms for silence and elevate your English language skills to the next level.